Age and Gender Impact Dietary Patterns Among Japanese Adults: Study Insights

A recent study conducted by researchers at Fujita Health University has unveiled significant insights into how age and gender influence dietary patterns among Japanese adults. The research, led by Professor Katsumi Iizuka from the Department of Clinical Nutrition, was published in the Nutrients journal on July 2, 2025. The study analyzed dietary data from 2,743 participants during health checkups, stratifying respondents into four age groups: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–59 years.

The research provides critical context regarding the importance of understanding dietary preferences tailored to specific demographics. Professor Iizuka remarked, "Being aware of the gender- and age-specific differences in dietary patterns can lead to individualized nutritional improvement for each age and gender group." This is particularly pertinent given the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues in contemporary society.

The methodology employed in the study involved the Food Intake Frequency Questionnaire to assess participants' weekly consumption of various food items, including meat, fish, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. Notably, the researchers utilized advanced statistical techniques to explore dietary diversity, applying concepts from ecological studies to evaluate both 'alpha diversity' (diversity within a single group) and 'beta diversity' (diversity across groups).

Findings revealed that while overall food intake frequencies between genders showed minimal variation—women generally consumed more fruits than men—substantial differences emerged when analyzing dietary patterns across age and sex. Younger men displayed a preference for meat- and egg-centered diets, while older women tended to favor a diet rich in fruits and dairy. Conversely, older men preferred fish-based diets, whereas younger women leaned towards plant-based options.

The study also highlighted that dietary diversity and the intake of beneficial foods, such as fruits and dairy, increased with age for both genders, suggesting generational shifts in dietary preferences. This trend is particularly significant as it underscores the potential health implications of dietary choices made at a young age. As noted by the researchers, promoting healthy food options in workplace cafeterias could lead to improved dietary habits among younger adults.

The implications of this study extend beyond individual health. Understanding how dietary variations influence gut health and the risk of diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease is crucial for public health strategies. Professor Iizuka concluded, "By visualizing differences in dietary patterns across generations, we can enhance the public's understanding of dietary balance and diversity, ultimately aiding in disease prevention."

This research adds a valuable dimension to the discourse on nutrition, emphasizing the necessity of targeted dietary guidelines that consider age and gender differences. As the global population ages and dietary habits evolve, such insights will be instrumental in shaping future public health initiatives and nutritional policies.