Age and Racial Disparities in U.S. Breast Cancer Incidence Trends

A recent study published on June 24, 2025, in JAMA Network Open reveals significant variations in breast cancer incidence trends among older women in the United States, particularly stratified by age, race, and stage at diagnosis. Conducted by Erica J. Lee Argov, M.P.H., along with researchers from the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, the study analyzed data from approximately 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2001 and 2019.

The research highlights that age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates were notably higher among women aged 65 to 74 years, with figures reaching 530.4 per 100,000 persons, compared to 515.3 in the 75 to 84 age group, and 376.8 in women aged 85 and older. Notably, the annual percent change (AAPC) increased by 0.4% in the 65 to 74 age group, remained stable in the 75 to 84 age group, and demonstrated a decrease of 1.1% in those 85 and older. These findings suggest a need for targeted screening and interventions focused on this demographic, especially considering the varied trends observed across different racial and ethnic groups.

According to the study, the AAPC was markedly higher in Hispanic, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander, and non-Hispanic Black women aged 65 to 74 years, showing increases that were seven to eleven times greater than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. This highlights the critical intersection of race and age in breast cancer diagnosis and necessitates a nuanced understanding of these disparities.

The data further reveal a decline in regional-stage diagnoses across all age groups (AAPC of -0.8%), while distant-stage diagnoses saw an uptick (AAPC of 1.3%). These trends underscore a shifting landscape in breast cancer presentations, with localized cases decreasing and advanced-stage cases rising. This shift could be indicative of both changes in screening practices and differences in access to healthcare resources.

Dr. Sarah Johnson, an oncologist at the Mayo Clinic, emphasizes, "Disaggregating breast cancer incidence by age and race allows us to better understand the healthcare needs of diverse populations, particularly as they relate to screening and treatment accessibility."

The study's authors advocate for policies that target screening initiatives and healthcare access for these vulnerable populations, suggesting that educational programs and community health initiatives could play a vital role in addressing these disparities. As noted by Dr. Michael Carter, a public health expert at Johns Hopkins University, "Improving access to early detection resources is essential in reducing the burden of late-stage breast cancer, particularly in high-risk groups."

In conclusion, the findings from Argov et al. emphasize the necessity of tailored healthcare approaches that consider age, race, and stage at diagnosis in breast cancer management. The implications of these trends not only impact clinical practice but also highlight the importance of addressing systemic inequalities within the healthcare system. Continued research and policy advocacy will be crucial in improving outcomes for all women diagnosed with breast cancer, ensuring equitable access to preventive care and treatment options.