Gecko-Inspired Nanoparticles Offer Promising Advances in Targeted Chemotherapy

In a groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder, innovative nanoparticles inspired by the unique adhesive properties of gecko toes have been developed to deliver chemotherapy directly to tumors. This research, detailed in the journal *Advanced Materials* on July 21, 2025, presents a potential shift in treatment protocols for localized cancers, particularly bladder cancer, which is notably challenging to manage due to its propensity for recurrence and the discomfort associated with current treatment methodologies.

The inspiration for this innovative approach stems from the gecko's remarkable ability to adhere to various surfaces, a feat attributed to millions of microscopic hair-like structures, known as setae, that enable them to cling even to smooth, slippery surfaces. Senior author Wyatt Shields, an assistant professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering at CU Boulder, emphasized the importance of biomimicry in advancing medical technology. "Nature has been at this for millions of years and offers clues for developing better biomaterials," Shields stated.

The research team, including lead author Jin Gyun Lee, a postdoctoral researcher in Shields' lab, engineered a biodegradable polymer known as poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) into small particles with branched nanostructures akin to those found on gecko toes. These "soft dendritic particles" were infused with chemotherapy drugs and tested in vitro on cancer cells and in vivo on bladder tumors in mice. The findings revealed that these particles adhered effectively to the tumors for days, maintaining a localized drug release while minimizing the damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

According to Dr. Thomas Flaig, an oncologist and professor of medicine at CU Anschutz, the existing treatment methods for bladder cancer involve inserting a catheter into the bladder to bathe the tumor in chemotherapy. This process is often uncomfortable and requires frequent repeat treatments due to the rapid expulsion of the drugs during normal urination, leading to significant side effects. Flaig noted, "There is a real need for new and effective therapies to prevent progression to more advanced stages of disease for these patients."

The researchers envision a future where a gel containing the gecko-inspired nanoparticles could be applied directly to bladder tumors, allowing for sustained, high concentrations of chemotherapy while reducing side effects and the need for frequent interventions. They believe that this technology could also be adapted for treating other types of cancer, such as oral and neck tumors.

While the initial results are promising, the authors caution that further research is required before moving to clinical trials. The interdisciplinary team plans to continue their collaboration, drawing inspiration from nature to develop practical solutions for cancer therapy.

This study not only highlights the potential for innovative treatment methods derived from natural mechanisms but also underscores the critical need for ongoing research in the fight against cancer. As the scientific community continues to explore the relationship between nature and technology, the development of such targeted therapies may revolutionize patient care and treatment outcomes in the coming years.