Monsoon Health Risks: Understanding the Surge in Vector-Borne Diseases

As the Indian monsoon season unfolds, it ushers in a welcome respite from the sweltering heat. However, this climatic shift also brings with it an alarming increase in vector-borne diseases and infections, posing significant public health challenges. Reports indicate that the country is witnessing a rise in cases of diseases such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya, especially as stagnant water accumulates in the wake of heavy rains. According to data from the National Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Control (NCVBDC) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), dengue cases in India surged from approximately 28,066 in 2010 to over 289,000 in 2023. As of March 2025, India had already recorded more than 16,000 dengue cases, highlighting a worrying early trend for the year (NCVBDC, 2025).

Dr. Shalmali Inamdar, a consultant physician at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital in Mumbai, emphasizes that the prevalence of viral infections during the monsoon season can be attributed to the humid conditions that favor the proliferation of viruses and mosquitoes. "These viral infections are particularly common during this period, with increased cases of influenza and chikungunya observed in hospitals," she notes, adding that while the rise in dengue cases has been slightly delayed this year, it is beginning to manifest (Inamdar, 2025).

The challenge is further complicated by the persistence of malaria, with the NCVBDC reporting that 80 districts in India have shown resistance to chloroquine, a standard treatment for the disease. Consequently, the adoption of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) is being prioritized in these areas to effectively manage and prevent malaria (NCVBDC, 2025).

Dr. Vasant C. Nagvekar, director of infectious diseases at Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, emphasizes the importance of diagnosis in managing these diseases. Symptoms such as high fever and joint pain, indicative of chikungunya, or severe headaches associated with dengue, necessitate immediate medical consultation to prevent serious complications. "Early diagnosis and intervention are critical, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly or those with pre-existing conditions," he warns (Nagvekar, 2025).

The NCVBDC has instituted various measures across states, including active surveillance and preventive strategies to combat the spread of waterborne diseases. However, the effectiveness of these programs is often hampered by a shortage of health workers, which restricts the implementation of active surveillance protocols (NCVBDC, 2025).

Preventive measures at the individual level are equally crucial. Dr. Inamdar advises the public to take precautions against mosquito bites and to eliminate stagnant water around their homes, which serves as a breeding ground for mosquitoes. "Wearing protective clothing and applying mosquito repellent are essential steps to reduce the risk of infection," she states (Inamdar, 2025).

The interplay of environmental conditions and public health practices underscores the ongoing need for vigilance during the monsoon season. The rising incidences of vector-borne diseases are not only a public health concern but also a reminder of the importance of collective responsibility in disease prevention. As the government intensifies efforts to manage these infections, community engagement and awareness will be vital in mitigating the impact of this seasonal health crisis. The outlook remains cautious as the monsoon progresses, leaving health officials and the public alike to remain alert to the potential health threats that accompany this time of year.