Prevalence of Caregiver-Reported ADHD in Shanghai: A Comprehensive Study

In a groundbreaking study conducted in Jiading District, Shanghai, researchers have uncovered a significant prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reported by caregivers, revealing that 12.64% of children and adolescents may be affected. This figure is nearly double the national prevalence estimate of 6.4% for ADHD among Chinese children, suggesting a higher awareness and potentially better screening in urban areas like Shanghai.

The study, published in the *Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment* journal on July 19, 2025, was led by Dr. Shuxia Wang from the Department of Pediatrics at Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and included co-authors from various esteemed institutions. The researchers surveyed caregivers of 5,008 children attending elementary, junior high, and high schools, collecting data on ADHD and related health conditions.

According to the findings, several factors were significantly associated with caregiver-reported ADHD, including male gender, younger age, and comorbid conditions such as tic disorders and short stature. Specifically, the odds of being reported as having ADHD were found to be 1.78 times higher for boys compared to girls, and 2.45 times higher for children in elementary school.

This increase in reported ADHD cases could reflect not only a true rise in prevalence but also an improvement in the recognition and diagnosis of ADHD in Shanghai’s urban setting, which is characterized by higher educational pressures and access to healthcare resources. However, the study authors caution against potential biases in caregiver reporting due to cultural perceptions of ADHD, which may lead to both over- and under-diagnosis.

Dr. Zheng Xue, a co-author and a key figure in this research, emphasized the importance of enhancing awareness and providing systematic screenings in schools to ensure accurate diagnoses and timely interventions for children showing symptoms of ADHD. The study also acknowledges the limitations of relying solely on caregiver reports and calls for future research to include clinical evaluations for a more comprehensive understanding of ADHD prevalence.

ADHD is recognized globally as one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among children and adolescents, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The implications of this study are significant, as it highlights the need for improved educational resources and healthcare initiatives aimed at early identification and management of ADHD in Chinese children. Given the potential impact on social, academic, and long-term health outcomes, addressing ADHD through targeted health education and accessible screening programs becomes paramount.

As the global understanding of ADHD continues to evolve, particularly in rapidly developing regions like Shanghai, this study underscores the critical role of caregiver perceptions in the diagnostic process and the pressing need for culturally sensitive approaches to mental health in children.