Virtual Reality Forest Study Reveals Multisensory Benefits for Mental Health

In a groundbreaking study conducted by the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, researchers have explored the therapeutic potential of virtual reality (VR) forest experiences, commonly known as Shinrin Yoku or forest bathing, which has been shown to lower blood pressure and reduce stress levels. The study, published on July 7, 2025, specifically examined whether virtual immersion in nature could yield similar emotional benefits as actual forest bathing, particularly when multiple senses are engaged simultaneously.

The research took place in Europe’s largest Douglas fir forest, the Sonnenberg nature reserve near Parchim, where a high-quality 360-degree VR video was produced. This immersive experience included not only visual imagery but also the sound of nature and the scent of essential oils derived from Douglas fir trees. Participants—over 130 volunteers—were first exposed to stress-inducing images before donning VR glasses to engage in one of four sensory stimulation variants: a full multisensory experience or reduced stimuli focusing on single senses (visual, auditory, or olfactory).

Findings from the study indicated that participants who experienced the combined sensory stimulation reported significantly greater improvements in mood and a heightened sense of connection to nature compared to those who were subjected to isolated sensory experiences. Additionally, there were limited enhancements in cognitive functions, specifically working memory, which is crucial for storing and processing information in the short term. However, researchers cautioned that these effects may vary by area and emphasized the need for further studies to validate the results and deepen understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

Lead author Leonie Ascone, a researcher in the Neuronal Plasticity working group at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), noted, "We can already say that digital nature experiences can absolutely produce an emotional effect—even if they don't replace actual nature." The implications of this research could be far-reaching, particularly for clinical settings and urban environments where access to natural spaces is limited.

Simone Kühn, the head of the study and Director of the Center for Environmental Neuroscience at the Max Planck Institute, further elaborated on the potential applications. She stated, "Multisensory VR applications or targeted nature staging could support mental well-being in places such as clinics, waiting areas, or urban interiors." Kühn's ongoing research indicates that even passive interactions with nature, such as watching nature videos, can reduce the perception of physical pain among patients (Steininger et al., 2025).

The study highlights the importance of integrating nature into daily life, especially for individuals in urban settings. As the world increasingly turns to technology to address mental health challenges, the findings underscore the untapped potential of virtual nature experiences in fostering emotional well-being. The researchers advocate for continued exploration into this area to fully realize the benefits of virtual forest bathing in various contexts, paving the way for innovative therapeutic solutions.

In summary, the Max Planck Institute study elucidates the significant emotional and cognitive benefits of multisensory virtual forest experiences, suggesting promising avenues for enhancing mental health through technology, especially in environments lacking direct access to nature. Future research will be critical in confirming these findings and expanding the applicability of VR as a mental health intervention.