Lyssavirus Claims Fourth Life in Australia: Understanding the Risks

In a tragic development, a man in his 50s from northern New South Wales has become the fourth confirmed fatality from Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), a rare but deadly disease transmitted from bats to humans. The New South Wales Health Department confirmed that the individual succumbed to the virus on July 3, 2025, after being bitten by a bat several months prior, marking the first known case in the state. This incident underscores the ongoing risks associated with ABLV, which poses significant health threats despite its rarity.

Lyssavirus is a rabies-like infection that affects the central nervous system, primarily transmitted through bites or scratches from infected bats. According to Dr. Alison Peel, a veterinary scientist at the University of Sydney, the virus can take weeks to years to manifest, with early symptoms resembling those of the flu—headache, fever, and fatigue. As the disease progresses, it can lead to severe neurological symptoms including paralysis and convulsions, typically resulting in death within two weeks after the onset of serious symptoms.

The ABLV was first identified in 1996 when a black flying fox displayed neurological symptoms in northern New South Wales. Since then, several fatalities have been linked to the virus, including a Queensland woman in 1996 and two other individuals in 1998 and 2013. Despite the low infection rate among bats—estimated to be less than 0.1%—health officials advise extreme caution when interacting with these animals.

Trish Paterson, founder of the Australian Bat Clinic and Wildlife Trauma Centre, emphasized the importance of vaccination against rabies for those who handle bats. Post-exposure treatment, which includes receiving the rabies vaccine and possibly antibodies, can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease. Dr. Peel noted that while the rabies vaccine is effective against ABLV, no cure exists once the disease has been diagnosed.

Experts recommend that anyone who has been bitten or scratched by a bat should wash the wound thoroughly and seek immediate medical attention. Furthermore, individuals encountering distressed bats are advised not to approach them but to contact local wildlife services for assistance.

The emergence of ABLV raises important public health considerations, particularly in regions where bats are prevalent. Understanding the transmission and prevention methods of lyssavirus is crucial as more cases may arise. Health authorities are working to educate the public about the risks associated with bat interactions and the necessary precautions to take.

In conclusion, the recent death from lyssavirus in New South Wales serves as a stark reminder of the potential dangers posed by wildlife diseases. Ongoing research and public awareness initiatives will be essential in mitigating future risks associated with this deadly virus.