Majority of Packaged Foods for Australian Children Are Ultra-Processed

A recent study conducted over a decade has revealed alarming trends in the packaged food available for children in Australia, indicating that a significant majority of these products are both ultra-processed and high in energy density. The research, published in the journal Nutrients, highlights the urgent need for stricter regulations to ensure healthier dietary options for young consumers.

According to the study, which analyzed food items marketed to children under 12 years between 2013 and 2023, 56% of the surveyed products were classified as having high energy density (≥12.552 kJ/g or kJ/mL), and an overwhelming 81% fell into the category of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) as defined by the NOVA classification system (MacLean et al., 2025). This classification indicates that these foods have undergone significant industrial processing, often containing additives that enhance flavor, appearance, and shelf life but may disrupt children's appetite regulation, contributing to overeating and obesity.

Childhood obesity is a pressing public health issue in Australia, with statistics showing that approximately one in four children are affected (25.1%), comprising 17% overweight and 8.1% obese (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2023). High energy density foods, which are typically lower in nutritional value, are largely responsible for this worrying trend. The study's findings are particularly concerning given that many children consume substantial amounts of UPFs and high energy-dense foods, which are often marketed as healthy options.

The research team, led by Dr. Sarah MacLean from the University of Sydney, utilized a comprehensive dataset from Mintel GNPD, which tracks new food products in Australian supermarkets. The study's methodology involved categorizing food and drink items, with a focus on those explicitly marketed to children. The analysis included nutritional information, ingredient lists, and energy values, enabling the researchers to classify each item according to its energy density and processing level.

"The prevalence of UPFs in the children’s food supply raises significant health concerns," said Dr. MacLean. "These products often contain high levels of free sugars and additives, which are not recommended by health authorities for young children."

The findings suggest that the promotion of healthier food environments is crucial, especially as 95% of baby food products were categorized as ultra-processed, highlighting a significant regulatory gap in this sector. Notably, growing-up milks (GUMs), often marketed as nutritional supplements, are prevalent despite their high sugar content and lack of marketing restrictions, which could mislead parents regarding their health benefits.

In total, 1,770 packaged food and beverage products aimed at children were analyzed, with over half classified as high in energy density. The most concerning categories included snacks, confectionery, and bakery items, which commonly featured in the product offerings for children aged 5 to 12 years.

The study's implications extend beyond the immediate dietary choices available to children. The need for policy interventions is underscored by the fact that many parents are unaware of the nutritional quality of these products. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of revised marketing regulations to reduce children's exposure to unhealthy, high-energy foods.

Dr. Kate Bolton, a public health nutritionist at the University of Queensland, commented, "This research highlights the urgent need for government action. Stricter regulations can help to mitigate the impact of ultra-processed foods on children's health."

The study represents a critical step in understanding the packaged food environment for children in Australia. It not only identifies the high prevalence of unhealthy options but also calls for immediate action to promote healthier dietary patterns among young Australians. As parents and guardians navigate the complex landscape of children's food products, this study serves as a clarion call for better food policies and consumer awareness initiatives.

In conclusion, the findings underscore the need for collaborative efforts among government, health authorities, and food manufacturers to foster healthier eating habits among children. With the alarming rate of childhood obesity, addressing the issues of ultra-processed and energy-dense foods is imperative for the future health of the nation’s children.