Deep-Sea Bacterial Compound EPS3.9 Induces Pyroptosis to Combat Cancer

In a groundbreaking study published in the *FASEB Journal* on July 23, 2025, researchers have discovered that a compound derived from deep-sea bacteria can induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, which may offer a promising new strategy in cancer treatment. The compound, known as EPS3.9, is produced by the bacterial strain *Spongiibacter nanhainus* CSC3.9 and consists mainly of long-chain sugar molecules, including mannose and glucose.

The research team, led by Dr. Chaomin Sun from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, demonstrated that EPS3.9 effectively triggers pyroptosis in human leukemia cells through direct interaction with specific membrane phospholipid molecules. This mechanism not only inhibits tumor growth but also shows significant anti-tumor effects in animal models, particularly in mice with liver cancer. The findings underscore the potential of carbohydrate-based drugs and the importance of marine microbial resources in the development of novel cancer therapies.

Dr. Sun highlighted that the research provides a theoretical foundation for future treatments, stating, "Our work not only provides a theoretical basis for developing more carbohydrate-based drugs but also highlights the importance of exploring marine microbial resources." This study contributes to a growing body of research focusing on innovative cancer therapies that leverage natural compounds.

The potential of EPS3.9 as a cancer treatment is particularly significant in light of increasing cancer prevalence globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 10 million deaths attributed to the disease in 2020 alone. Current treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and radiation, often come with severe side effects, which drives the need for safer and more effective alternatives.

Experts in the field have expressed optimism regarding this discovery. Dr. Emily Rodriguez, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University, remarked, "The ability to induce pyroptosis in cancer cells could revolutionize how we approach cancer treatment. If EPS3.9 can be further developed, it may provide a less toxic option for patients."

Another perspective comes from Dr. Mark Thompson, a marine biologist at the University of California, who noted, "This study exemplifies the untapped potential of marine organisms in drug discovery. We are only beginning to understand the biochemical capabilities of these species."

Despite the promising results, researchers acknowledge that further studies are necessary to fully understand the compound's mechanisms and its potential impact on human health. Follow-up studies will focus on the safety and efficacy of EPS3.9 in human trials.

In summary, the discovery of EPS3.9 marks a significant advancement in the search for innovative cancer treatments. As research progresses, it could pave the way for new therapies that harness the unique properties of marine microbial resources, potentially improving outcomes for cancer patients worldwide. The implications of this research extend beyond oncology, offering insights into how natural compounds can be utilized in various therapeutic contexts.

For more information, see Liu, G. et al. (2025). A Novel Exopolysaccharide, Highly Prevalent in Marine *Spongiibacter*, Triggers Pyroptosis to Exhibit Potent Anticancer Effects. *FASEB Journal*. doi:10.1096/fj.202500412R.