Galápagos Wild Tomatoes Exhibit Reverse Evolution by Activating Ancient Genes

In a remarkable scientific discovery, researchers at the University of California, Riverside, and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel have revealed that wild tomatoes on the Galápagos Islands are capable of activating ancient genes, a phenomenon that challenges conventional understanding of evolution. This study, published in the journal *Nature Communications* on July 7, 2025, provides new insights into genetic atavism, where long-dormant genes are reawakened due to environmental pressures.

The research team collected 56 samples from two species of wild tomatoes: *Solanum cheesmaniae* and *Solanum galapagense*. The findings indicated that tomatoes from the eastern islands exhibit modern crop-like alkaloids, while those from the harsher western islands contain primitive alkaloids reminiscent of ancient relatives such as wild eggplants.

Dr. Adam Jozwiak, a lead researcher in the study, explained, "By changing just a few amino acids, a completely different chemical can be produced. This opens the door to creating pest-resistant crops, less toxic fruits, or even new medicines." This genetic switch was attributed to minor modifications in a key enzyme, illustrating how environmental challenges can trigger a reversion to earlier survival mechanisms.

The implications of this discovery extend beyond botany; understanding how nature rewires its genetic code could pave the way for significant advancements in biotechnology and agriculture. The Galápagos Islands, often referred to as Darwin's natural laboratory, continue to provide vital lessons in adaptation and survival, highlighting that evolution does not always progress linearly.

The researchers suggest that the barren and nutrient-scarce conditions on the western islands may have prompted these tomatoes to revert to a survival mode, activating ancient genes that had been dormant for millions of years. Such genetic atavism has been observed in laboratory settings with animals but is rare in natural environments, making this discovery a significant breakthrough in evolutionary biology.

This exploration of reverse evolution not only sheds light on the adaptability of plant species but also opens up new avenues for sustainable agricultural practices and crop design. The study illustrates a profound interaction between species and their environments, demonstrating that in the face of adversity, nature can indeed take a step backward to move forward successfully. As Dr. Jozwiak concludes, "This isn’t just a story of tomatoes; it’s a reminder that evolution doesn’t always move forward. Sometimes, nature takes a step back to survive the future."