Gene Editing: A Revolutionary Approach to Preserving Endangered Species

In a groundbreaking study published in the *Nature Reviews Biodiversity*, an international team of scientists has proposed the use of gene editing technologies as a transformative solution for conserving endangered species and restoring genetic diversity. This approach aims to tackle the pressing issue of biodiversity loss, driven by rapid environmental changes and habitat destruction, which have left many species on the brink of extinction.

Led by Professor Cock van Oosterhout from the University of East Anglia and Dr. Stephen Turner from Colossal Biosciences, the research team highlights several applications of genome engineering in conservation efforts. According to the authors, gene editing can facilitate the recovery of genetic diversity by reintroducing historical gene variants, utilizing DNA extracted from museum specimens and biobanks, and allowing for the introduction of adaptive traits from closely related species.

"We are witnessing the fastest environmental changes in Earth's history, which have severely compromised the genetic variation necessary for species to adapt and survive," stated Professor van Oosterhout. He emphasized the necessity of integrating advanced genetic technologies with traditional conservation methods to ensure the long-term survival of vulnerable species.

The implications of genomic engineering in conservation are profound. For example, the pink pigeon, once nearing extinction with a population of just ten individuals, has seen a resurgence to over 600 birds through captive breeding and habitat protection. However, despite these efforts, genetic analysis indicates that the species suffers from significant genomic erosion, risking its future survival. This highlights the urgent need for innovative solutions to restore genetic diversity in populations that have experienced drastic declines.

Dr. Beth Shapiro, Chief Science Officer at Colossal Biosciences, added, "The same technologies that enable us to introduce mammoth genes into elephant genomes can also be applied to rescue species at risk of extinction. It is our responsibility to mitigate the extinction crisis facing thousands of species today."

The research outlines three primary applications for gene editing in conservation: 1. **Restoring Lost Variation**: Utilizing DNA from historical specimens to enhance the genetic diversity of modern populations. 2. **Facilitated Adaptation**: Introducing genes from better-adapted species to improve resilience against climate change and disease. 3. **Reducing Harmful Mutations**: Targeting and replacing deleterious genetic variants that have become fixed in populations after significant declines, potentially enhancing overall health and reproductive success.

While the potential for gene editing in conservation is significant, the authors caution that these approaches remain experimental. They emphasize the importance of conducting phased trials and long-term ecological monitoring, as well as engaging with local communities and indigenous groups to ensure responsible implementation.

Associate Professor Hernán Morales from the Globe Institute underscored the necessity of integrating genomic interventions with existing conservation strategies. "Biodiversity faces unprecedented threats that demand unprecedented solutions. However, genome editing should complement rather than replace traditional conservation methods."

As the field of conservation biology evolves, gene editing presents a promising frontier in efforts to save endangered species. By marrying cutting-edge technology with established conservation practices, researchers hope to foster a more sustainable future for biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.

For further information, the full study titled "Genome engineering in biodiversity conservation and restoration" can be accessed in the *Nature Reviews Biodiversity* journal (DOI: 10.1038/s44358-025-00065-6).