MTG-S1 Satellite Prepared for Launch of Sentinel-4 Instrument

The Meteosat Third Generation Sounder (MTG-S1) satellite, equipped with the Copernicus Sentinel-4 instrument, has been successfully placed within the nose cone of a Falcon 9 rocket, ready for its scheduled launch at 23:03 CEST on July 1, 2025. This marks a critical milestone in the mission aimed at enhancing atmospheric observations over Europe and Northern Africa.

The MTG-S1 satellite will play a vital role in monitoring air quality and severe weather conditions through its advanced instrumentation. The satellite is designed to deliver high-resolution data on temperature and moisture profiles every 30 minutes, as well as critical information on aerosols, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide every 60 minutes. These capabilities are unprecedented and will significantly improve predictions related to air quality and weather phenomena.

According to James Champion, Project Manager of the MTG program at the European Space Agency (ESA), "The mating to the flight adapter is a critical step and involves precise physical and electrical connections. This requires extreme precision and expertise to ensure proper alignment and secure attachment of the satellite to the adapter, which will interface with the rocket."

The final preparations for the MTG-S1 involved a series of safety and functional checks, including the encapsulation of the satellite within the rocket’s fairing. This protective structure is crucial during the initial launch ascent phase. Notably, propellant loading, performed under stringent safety protocols, took place two weeks prior to the launch date. The satellite is fueled with MON3 and Monomethylhydrazine (MMH), both of which are highly toxic and flammable. Safety measures included the use of specialized protective suits by technicians tasked with handling the hazardous materials.

ESA's Director of Earth Observation Programs, Simonetta Cheli, emphasized the significance of the MTG-S1 and Sentinel-4 missions, stating, "These instruments will provide new and exciting ways to forecast and understand our atmosphere. Their contributions will enhance our ability to prepare for severe weather events and mitigate air pollution risks."

The Copernicus Sentinel-4 mission is part of the broader Copernicus Earth observation program, which is designed to monitor the environment and support climate change initiatives. The data collected by MTG-S1 will not only contribute to scientific understanding but will also have direct implications for public health and safety in Europe and Northern Africa.

As the launch approaches, the teams involved in the MTG-S1 project reflect on the extensive collaboration among various European entities, showcasing the strength of international cooperation in advancing space technology and environmental monitoring. With the satellite's launch imminent, the anticipation grows for its potential to revolutionize atmospheric science and improve the predictive capabilities for air quality and severe weather conditions.