New Study Reveals Mechanism Behind Wrinkle Formation in Aging Skin

A groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at Binghamton University, State University of New York, has unveiled the physical mechanisms that lead to wrinkle formation in aging skin. According to the findings published on July 22, 2025, in the Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, the process involves the skin's unique ability to stretch and contract under pressure, a capability that deteriorates with age.

The research team, led by Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering Guy German, examined skin samples from individuals aged 16 to 91 to determine how the skin reacts to applied forces. They discovered that as skin ages, its tendency to buckle increases when stretched in one direction while contracting in another. This phenomenon, likened to the behavior of Silly Putty, indicates that older skin experiences greater contraction, leading to an increased likelihood of wrinkle formation.

“Wrinkles form when skin stretches in one direction and contracts in another, causing it to buckle,” explained Dr. German. “This is no longer just a theory; we now have hard experimental evidence showing the physical mechanism behind aging.” Previous research had suggested that wrinkles result from various factors including genetics, environmental exposure, and changes in skin structure, but this study provides the first experimental validation of these theories using actual skin samples.

The implications of this research are significant not only for individuals concerned about aging but also for the cosmetics industry, which often markets anti-aging products without a clear understanding of their effectiveness. “There are countless products claiming to improve skin health, and this research aims to clarify what actually contributes to skin aging,” said German, who has dedicated his career to understanding the mechanics of skin.

In the study, German and his team utilized a low-force tensometer to stretch tiny strips of skin, simulating the natural forces that skin experiences. The results indicated that skin's mechanical properties change with age, leading to the increased formation of wrinkles. “As you get older, the skin begins to stretch more laterally, which contributes to wrinkle formation,” he added.

Moreover, the study highlighted the impact of environmental factors, particularly sun exposure, on skin aging. Chronic sun exposure can accelerate the aging process, resulting in skin that resembles that of older individuals. German warned, “Those who spend significant time outdoors are likely to have more aged and wrinkled skin than those who work indoors.”

This research has implications beyond individual skin health, touching on broader social and economic factors related to aging populations. With an increasing emphasis on anti-aging treatments, understanding the underlying science of skin aging can guide more effective product development and public health strategies.

In conclusion, the findings of this study not only shed light on the biological aging of skin but also emphasize the need for informed choices in skincare. As consumers navigate a market filled with anti-aging claims, having a scientific basis for understanding skin aging is crucial. Future research may build on these findings to explore potential interventions that could mitigate the effects of aging on skin health.