Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Develops Groundbreaking Ocean Wave Model

In a significant advancement for climate science, researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) have developed a pioneering model that simulates the dynamics of internal ocean waves, enhancing predictions of ocean circulation and its impact on climate. Led by Professor Yuri V. Lvov, Ph.D., the study, published in the journal *Nature Communications* on July 24, 2025, marks a notable achievement in understanding the complex interplay between oceanic processes and climate change.
Internal waves, which occur between layers of water at varying temperatures and densities, are critical for oceanic circulation. They facilitate the upward movement of cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean depths, thus influencing marine ecosystems, nutrient fluxes, and global climate patterns. According to Professor Lvov, “Internal, wave-driven, vertical mixing is believed to be a main driver of oceanic circulation, shaping the Earth’s climate by influencing sea-level rise, nutrient fluxes, marine ecosystems, and anthropogenic heat and carbon uptake.”
The new model is distinguished by its use of wave-wave interaction theory, which provides a robust framework for quantifying how internal waves exchange energy and redistribute it through the ocean. “The challenge for scientists has been to build an accurate and robust theory that describes these processes quantitatively and accurately,” stated Lvov, emphasizing the limitations of existing global models in capturing the complexities of ocean dynamics.
By employing a first-principles approach, the research team was able to parameterize the physics of turbulent mixing without relying on high-resolution numerical modeling. This method interpreted turbulent mixing as the energy sink at the end of an energy cascade driven by large-scale forcing and sustained by wave-wave interactions. The findings reveal that local interactions predominantly govern inter-scale energy transfers, which differs from the previously accepted scale-separated interactions.
Dr. Peter R. Kramer, Department Head of Mathematical Sciences at RPI, commended the publication, stating, “This publication by Dr. Lvov and his collaborators is an impressive accomplishment which opens new paths toward representing mixing in ocean circulation models, which are a crucial component of climate predictions.” This assertion underscores the interdisciplinary nature of the research, combining mathematics with physical oceanography to address pressing climate challenges.
Professor Lvov, who has researched internal wave theory since joining RPI in 1999, highlighted the contributions of lead author Giovanni Dematteis, who played a critical role during the research and writing phases of the study. “I’m especially thankful for the contributions of Giovanni, alongside our entire team of talented and dedicated scientists,” noted Lvov.
The implications of this research are profound, as accurate models of ocean circulation are essential for predicting climate scenarios and informing policy decisions related to climate change. The team's work not only enhances scientific understanding but also provides a foundation for future research in oceanography and climate sciences.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, established in 1824, is recognized as the first technological research university in the United States. It is dedicated to advancing knowledge and innovation to address global challenges, fostering a learning community that connects science, technology, and creativity. The institution continues to lead in research that shapes the future of humanity.
This groundbreaking work paves the way for more reliable models of ocean circulation, ultimately contributing to more accurate climate predictions and a better understanding of the ocean’s role in global climate systems.
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