Study Reveals Angelshark Population in Wales May Be Overestimated

A recent study led by experts from the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) indicates that the population decline of the critically endangered angelshark (Squatina squatina) off the Welsh coastline may have been overestimated. The study, co-authored by researchers from Natural Resources Wales (NRW) and various Welsh fishing organizations, suggests that previous estimates indicating a 70% decline since the 1960s may not accurately reflect the true status of this species. Published in 'People & Nature' on June 9, 2025, the research highlights changing fishing practices as a significant factor influencing the perceived decline of angelsharks.

Historically, estimates of angelshark populations in Wales relied heavily on the frequency of accidental catches by fishers. However, the researchers assert that the reduction in encounters with these sharks may not necessarily indicate a decline in their numbers but rather a shift in fishing tactics and areas. Francesca Mason, the lead author of the study and a researcher at ZSL's Institute of Zoology, stated, “Identifying how changes to fishing practices over the last 51 years have impacted our ability to monitor them indicates that there may be more angelsharks swimming off the Welsh coast than we previously thought – we're just having a harder time spotting them.”

Angelsharks are characterized by their flat, diamond-shaped bodies, which allow them to camouflage against sandy seabeds. This natural adaptation makes them difficult to observe, further complicating population assessments. As Mason noted, while it is encouraging that fewer angelsharks are being caught accidentally, it simultaneously underscores the necessity for improved monitoring techniques to accurately gauge their population numbers.

The study employed environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis as a novel method to ascertain the presence of angelsharks in specific marine environments. Jake Davies, a technical specialist for Project SIARC at ZSL and NRW, elaborated on the advantages of eDNA studies, saying, “With their excellent camouflage, one of the hardest challenges we face studying angelsharks is simply finding them. eDNA allows us to study species without having to spot them.” By sampling water in Cardigan and Carmarthen Bays, the researchers confirmed the presence of various native shark species, including angelsharks, thereby suggesting that these areas may harbor a more substantial population than previously recorded.

Co-author Charlie Bartlett, a charter fisher involved in the Angel Shark Project: Wales, emphasized the importance of collaboration between scientists and local fishers in conservation efforts. He remarked, “This information is not just important for the species itself but also inspires the next generations to learn more about fishing heritage in Wales and the local marine environment.”

The findings from this study not only offer hope for the angelshark population but also highlight the critical need for innovative conservation strategies that integrate local knowledge with scientific research. The collaborative approach underscores the belief that conservation efforts are most effective when stakeholders work together to protect endangered species.

In summary, while the current evidence suggests that the angelshark population may be healthier than previously thought, ongoing efforts to refine monitoring methodologies and enhance collaboration among fishers, researchers, and conservationists are essential for ensuring the species' future survival.