Study Uncovers Human Brain Genes Linked to Unique Brain Features

A groundbreaking study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Davis, and published on July 21, 2025, in the journal *Cell*, identified two genes associated with distinctive features of the human brain. This research provides crucial insights into the genetic underpinnings of human cognition and could pave the way for understanding various neurological disorders, including language disorders and autism.

The study, led by Dr. Megan Dennis, Associate Director of Genomics at UC Davis Genome Center, utilized the recently completed 'telomere to telomere' reference genome to analyze previously overlooked regions of the human genome, often referred to as 'dark matter'. These regions contain duplicated DNA sequences that have been challenging to study due to their complex structure.

Dr. Dennis noted, "Historically, this has been a very challenging problem. People don't know where to start," highlighting the difficulties researchers face when attempting to decode these repetitive sequences. The new findings reveal that two specific genes, GPR89B and FRMPD2B, may contribute to human brain size and synaptic signaling, respectively.

The research team identified around 250 candidate gene families by filtering for genes expressed in the brain and conserved across human populations, using data from the 1000 Genomes Project. They then employed zebrafish as a model organism to test the functional effects of these genes. Through genetic manipulation, they demonstrated that GPR89B is associated with increased brain size, while FRMPD2B influences synapse signaling.

The implications of these findings are significant. By linking specific genes to brain characteristics, researchers can explore the genetic basis of cognitive abilities and disorders. Dr. Dennis emphasized that this dataset is intended to serve as a valuable resource for the scientific community, enabling further investigations into genetic mutations that may be implicated in language deficits and autism spectrum disorders.

Co-authors of the study include researchers from UC Davis and other institutions, such as Washington University in St. Louis and the National Human Genome Research Institute. The research received funding from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and The Wellcome Trust.

As the field of genomics continues to evolve, this study marks a significant step in understanding the intricate relationship between genetics and the unique capabilities of the human brain. Future research could further unravel the complexities of the human genome and its role in shaping cognitive functions, ultimately contributing to advancements in treating neurological conditions.

This study not only sheds light on the evolution of human cognition but also highlights the potential for future genetic research to unlock new therapies for brain-related disorders.

In conclusion, the identification of these brain-related genes emphasizes the critical need for ongoing genomic research, as it holds the potential to revolutionize our understanding of human health and disease.