Celebrating Mahathir Mohamad: A Centenarian's Political Legacy

On July 10, 2025, former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad marked an extraordinary milestone, celebrating his 100th birthday with a series of public engagements in Putrajaya, the administrative capital he famously developed. Known for his significant yet controversial impact on Malaysian politics, Mahathir's legacy spans over four decades of service, making him a pivotal figure in the nation's emergence as a notable player on the global economic stage.

Mahathir's daily routine on his centenary included greeting well-wishers, recording a podcast titled "Podcast Dr. M," and attending the relaunch of the Galeria Sri Perdana, a museum that was once his residence during his tenure as Prime Minister. His office confirmed that despite health concerns over the past year, Mahathir continues to engage actively with the public, receiving at least seven birthday cakes from supporters in a display of affection and admiration.

His political career is marked by two distinct periods in office—first from 1981 to 2003 and then from 2018 to 2020—during which he became the world's oldest elected leader at the age of 93. According to Dr. James Chin, a political analyst at the University of Tasmania, Mahathir's governance contributed significantly to Malaysia's economic development, branding the nation as an emerging economy. "The period put Malaysia on the map," Chin stated in his 2023 interview with The Age.

However, Mahathir's tenure has also been characterized by allegations of autocracy and divisive policies. Critics argue that his leadership exacerbated racial tensions, creating a visible divide between the Malay population and non-Malays. Dr. Chin elaborated, "The first big failure he had was that he was never able to build a united country. In fact, during his rule, people were more divided than before."

The ongoing rivalry between Mahathir and current Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim underscores the complex political landscape he helped shape. Anwar, who previously faced imprisonment on charges widely regarded as politically motivated, represents a significant counterpoint to Mahathir’s influence. Political analyst Bridget Welsh points out that Mahathir's legacy remains deeply embedded in Malaysia's socio-political fabric, stating, "It may take another few generations to move beyond his legacy."

Despite his age, Mahathir has not completely retreated from the political arena. Questions persist about his potential return to power, particularly in light of Anwar's administration. "People have asked him directly, 'if Anwar is overthrown, are you coming back as a prime minister for a third time?'" Dr. Chin noted, observing that Mahathir often refrains from providing a definitive answer.

Over the years, Mahathir has also attracted criticism for his views on Australia and the West. His long-standing assertion of Australia being a "white man's outpost" in Asia has colored Malaysia's diplomatic relations. The former Prime Minister famously clashed with Australian leaders, such as when he was described as "recalcitrant" by then-Prime Minister Paul Keating in 1993, a term that has since echoed in political discourse.

As Mahathir Mohamad celebrates his centennial, his enduring presence and complex legacy continue to evoke diverse reactions from political analysts and the public alike. His contributions to Malaysia's development are undeniable, yet the controversies surrounding his governance unfold a narrative of division and autocracy that shapes Malaysia today. With Mahathir still active in discussions about politics and leadership, it remains to be seen what role, if any, he may seek to play in the future of Malaysia.

As the nation reflects on Mahathir's long and storied life, his contributions and controversies will undoubtedly remain a point of discussion for generations to come.