Bats' Uncommon Immunity: Genetic Insights into Cancer Resistance

Bats have long fascinated scientists due to their remarkable longevity and resilience to diseases, particularly cancer. Recent research published in *Nature Communications* reveals the genetic and immunological mechanisms that allow certain bat species to evade cancer, shedding light on potential therapeutic avenues for humans. This study, led by Dr. Vera Gorbunova and Dr. Andrei Seluanov from the University of Rochester Medical Center, highlights how these mammals can live up to 35 years—equivalent to about 180 human years—without developing cancer.

The research team examined four common bat species, including the little brown bat (*Myotis lucifugus*), to identify their biological defenses against cancer. One significant finding is the enhanced activity of the p53 gene, a well-known tumor suppressor found in both bats and humans. Mutations in p53 are implicated in approximately 50% of human cancers; however, bats possess two copies of this gene, resulting in elevated p53 activity. This increased activity facilitates a process known as apoptosis, wherein damaged cells are eliminated before they can become cancerous.

Moreover, the study indicates that bats possess an active enzyme called telomerase, which enables their cells to proliferate indefinitely. This characteristic is advantageous for tissue regeneration as it supports healing and renewal. Importantly, the balance between telomerase activity and p53 function is crucial; while telomerase promotes cell division, p53 mitigates the risk of uncontrolled growth by ensuring that any potentially cancerous cells are removed.

Another critical aspect of the bats' cancer-resisting capabilities is their efficient immune system. According to Dr. Gorbunova, bats demonstrate an ability to eliminate various pathogens, which also extends to recognizing and destroying cancer cells. This efficiency contrasts starkly with the aging human immune system, which typically becomes less effective and more prone to inflammation as individuals age.

The implications of these findings extend beyond mere curiosity. Understanding the mechanisms that allow bats to resist cancer may pave the way for novel cancer therapies in humans. Dr. Seluanov emphasizes that increasing p53 activity could be a promising strategy in the development of anti-cancer drugs, as several existing treatments already target this pathway. Additionally, safely enhancing telomerase activity could provide insights into regenerative medicine and cancer therapies.

The research aligns with ongoing studies exploring the biology of long-lived mammals, such as naked mole rats and bowhead whales, which also exhibit remarkable disease resistance. The collaboration among institutions studying exceptional longevity, including cohorts of long-lived humans, aims to uncover genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to longevity and health.

In summary, the study's revelations about bats not only illuminate the evolutionary adaptations that protect them from cancer but also open doors to groundbreaking research in cancer treatment and aging. As scientists continue to unravel the complexities of these mechanisms, the potential for translating bat biology into human health strategies becomes increasingly promising.

For further reading, refer to the original study: Fathima Athar et al., "Limited cell-autonomous anticancer mechanisms in long-lived bats," *Nature Communications*, 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59403-z.