Queensland Reports First Hendra Virus Fatality Since 2022

Queensland, Australia, has confirmed its first fatal case of the Hendra virus since 2022, following the death of an unvaccinated horse in the state’s south-east. The Hendra virus, known to spread from flying foxes to horses and, in rare instances, to humans, poses a significant public health risk, particularly to those in close contact with infected animals.

The incident was reported by Biosecurity Queensland on July 7, 2025, when officials stated that an unvaccinated horse tested positive for the virus and subsequently died after a rapid decline in health. Dr. Fiona Thompson, Acting Chief Veterinary Officer at Biosecurity Queensland, emphasized the ongoing efforts to contain the virus. “Tracing and exposure assessments have been undertaken on other horses and animals on the property,” Dr. Thompson noted. Additionally, Queensland Health has contacted individuals who may have been exposed to the infected horse to manage their health effectively.

According to Dr. Heidi Carroll, Queensland’s Chief Health Officer, while the virus can be transmitted from horses to humans, such occurrences are rare. “Most individuals exposed to the Hendra virus remain healthy,” Dr. Carroll stated. “Those assessed with a high level of exposure will undergo prioritized testing for the virus.” The infected horse was not part of the racing community, as confirmed by Racing Queensland, which urged concerned individuals to seek veterinary advice immediately.

The Hendra virus was first identified in 1994 during an outbreak at a racing stable in Brisbane and has since resulted in over 90 horse infections, all leading to death or euthanasia. Human cases, although limited, have resulted in four fatalities out of seven infections, with the last recorded human fatality occurring in 2009. The virus is thought to spread through contact with materials contaminated by infected flying fox fluids and excretions, followed by horse-to-horse transmission through infectious body fluids.

Hendra virus symptoms in humans can mimic influenza, including fever, cough, and headaches, and may escalate to more severe conditions such as encephalitis. The incubation period for the virus can range from five to 21 days following exposure. In horses, early symptoms are less recognizable and may include fever and restlessness. Vaccination is available for horses, but no vaccine exists for humans.

Biosecurity Queensland has reiterated the importance of maintaining rigorous biosecurity measures. Dr. Thompson stated, “Horse owners and individuals in contact with horses should practice good personal hygiene and biosecurity measures, regardless of vaccination status.” Recommendations include regular handwashing, wearing protective equipment, and promptly consulting veterinarians if a horse exhibits signs of illness.

Overall, this incident highlights the ongoing risks associated with zoonotic diseases and the vital need for vigilance among those involved in horse care and veterinary practices. As Queensland authorities continue their monitoring and containment efforts, the health implications of the Hendra virus remain a critical concern for the state’s public health officials and equine community.