Smartwatches as a Tool for Early Pandemic Detection and Prevention

In a groundbreaking study published in March 2025 in PNAS Nexus, researchers from Texas A&M University and Stanford University have demonstrated the potential of smartwatches to act as significant tools in the early detection and prevention of pandemics. This study highlights how the wearable devices, known for their ability to monitor heart rates, oxygen levels, and sleep patterns, could play a crucial role in identifying infections before symptoms arise, thereby reducing the risk of widespread disease transmission.

The research team, led by Dr. Martial Ndeffo-Mbah, Assistant Professor at Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, utilized a computational model to estimate the effectiveness of smartwatch-based health monitoring in controlling pandemic situations. According to their findings, the use of smartwatches for real-time health monitoring could lower the transmission risk of diseases like COVID-19 and influenza by nearly 50%. The study suggests that physiological changes, which often precede the onset of visible symptoms, can be detected by smartwatches, providing users with early warnings of potential infections.

"Even before a person shows symptoms, physiological changes such as elevated temperature or alterations in sleep patterns occur, which can be captured by smartwatches," Dr. Ndeffo-Mbah noted. This proactive approach could motivate individuals to isolate and seek medical diagnosis sooner, potentially curbing the spread of infectious diseases.

The implications of this research are particularly crucial in light of the recent global health crises. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that many individuals begin treatment only after experiencing severe symptoms, which delays the onset of effective intervention. For instance, studies have shown that up to 44% of COVID-19 cases were transmitted by individuals who were presymptomatic, highlighting the necessity for timely detection and response.

Furthermore, the study proposes that smartwatches could enhance personal accountability in public health measures. Dr. Ndeffo-Mbah emphasizes that individuals are more likely to adhere to isolation protocols if they receive real-time data indicating an impending illness. "The protocols for COVID-19 urged isolation after contact with an infected person; however, many people ignore these guidelines if they feel well," he explained. "Smartwatches could provide a strong incentive for compliance by offering insights into one’s health status."

The potential of smartwatches extends beyond respiratory viruses. The researchers believe that the technology could be adapted to monitor other diseases that involve immune responses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Dr. Ndeffo-Mbah pointed out that physiological changes during any immune response could be tracked, suggesting a wider application for smartwatch technology in disease prevention.

Despite the promising findings, challenges remain in ensuring widespread adoption and effective use of this technology. While researchers are optimistic about the future of smartwatch health monitoring, they acknowledge the need for continued development in both scientific and technological realms. The integration of smartwatches into public health strategies represents a significant advancement in our ability to combat infectious diseases effectively.

In summary, the innovative use of smartwatches for early disease detection could revolutionize public health responses to pandemics. By encouraging individuals to take proactive measures based on real-time health data, smartwatches could not only reduce transmission rates but also create a more health-conscious society.