New Black Hole Universe Theory Challenges Big Bang Cosmology

An international team of physicists, led by Professor Enrique Gaztañaga from the University of Portsmouth's Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, has proposed a groundbreaking model regarding the origin of the Universe, challenging the long-standing Big Bang theory. Their research, published in the prestigious journal Physical Review D on June 10, 2025, introduces the 'Black Hole Universe' concept, suggesting that the Universe originated from a gravitational collapse that formed a massive black hole, which subsequently experienced a 'bounce' leading to the creation of our cosmos.

This new perspective posits that rather than emerging from a singular point of infinite density, as indicated by traditional cosmology, the Universe may be part of an ongoing cosmic cycle governed by the principles of quantum mechanics and gravity. Professor Gaztañaga asserts, "The Big Bang model begins with a point of infinite density where the laws of physics break down. This is a deep theoretical problem that suggests the beginning of the Universe is not fully understood." He emphasizes the significance of examining gravitational collapse rather than merely expanding outward from the Big Bang.

The paper discusses the implications of this model, particularly in relation to the fundamental questions that remain unanswered by the standard cosmological model, which has effectively explained many characteristics of the Universe's evolution but has not resolved all existing mysteries. The Black Hole Universe model proposes that gravitational collapse can lead to a high-density state from which a rebound occurs, resulting in an expanding Universe that closely resembles our own.

According to Dr. Sravan Kumar, a co-author from the University of Portsmouth, "This bounce occurs entirely within the framework of general relativity, combined with the basic principles of quantum mechanics. What emerges on the other side of the bounce is a Universe remarkably like our own." This new hypothesis also posits that the Universe is slightly curved, akin to the surface of the Earth.

The Black Hole Universe framework not only addresses technical discrepancies in current cosmological models but also provides a fresh perspective on humanity's place in the cosmos. It could illuminate various unresolved issues such as the nature and origins of supermassive black holes, dark matter, and the formation of galaxies.

To further explore these concepts, the ARRAKIHS ESA space mission, for which Professor Gaztañaga serves as Science Coordinator, aims to investigate the outskirts of galaxies where vital records of galaxy formation and dark matter assembly may be stored. This mission is set to revolutionize our understanding of the early Universe and test the predictions made by the Black Hole Universe model. The ARRAKIHS satellite is designed with advanced technology, including four wide-angle telescopes that can observe the same region of the sky in different wavelengths, enabling unprecedented insights into cosmic phenomena.

As the scientific community continues to grapple with the complexities of cosmological origins, the Black Hole Universe theory presents a compelling alternative that merits further investigation and discussion. The collaborative research team also includes Michael Gabler from the Universitat de Valencia, Spain, and other experts from the University of Portsmouth, highlighting the international effort to unravel one of the most profound questions in science: How did our Universe come into existence?