One in Four Singapore Youths Engage in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Study

A recent study has revealed that one in four young people in Singapore have engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at least once in their lives, raising significant concerns regarding youth mental health. The study, conducted by the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) and published in March 2025, surveyed 2,600 participants aged 15 to 35, highlighting the need for increased awareness and preventive measures to address this troubling behavior.

The findings indicate that the median age for the onset of NSSI behavior is 14, with a notable second peak occurring around the age of 18 for males. The most prevalent method of self-injury reported was cutting, affecting approximately 13.5% of respondents, followed by other methods such as severe scratching, punching, and banging their heads against objects. Moreover, 11.6% of participants reported repetitive NSSI, defined as five or more instances of self-harm.

Dr. Swapna Verma, Chairman of the Medical Board at IMH, emphasized that while NSSI is not classified as a mental disorder, it often signals underlying emotional distress. "Young people may resort to self-harm as a coping mechanism for overwhelming emotions that they lack the tools to manage healthily. For some, it serves as a temporary relief from feelings of sadness, anxiety, or numbness," Dr. Verma explained.

The study also identified significant risk factors for self-injury, with females being twice as likely to engage in NSSI compared to their male counterparts. According to Sherilyn Chang, a senior research officer at IMH, the reasons for this gender disparity are complex and may relate to higher levels of psychological distress experienced by females. "Research indicates that females might be more likely to manage their emotions, which can paradoxically lead to overthinking and heightened emotional distress, ultimately resulting in NSSI behavior," she stated.

Additionally, the study noted that young individuals aged 15 to 29 and those with lower educational attainment reported a higher prevalence of self-injurious behavior. Those experiencing severe symptoms of depression and anxiety were also more likely to engage in NSSI. Chang pointed out that individuals with body image dissatisfaction demonstrated a doubled likelihood of self-injury, suggesting a potential link between negative self-perception and self-harm.

Despite the alarming prevalence of NSSI among youth, the study found that far fewer individuals reported engaging in self-injury over the past year. Researchers speculate that this trend may be due to older participants developing healthier coping mechanisms or receiving professional assistance over time. However, the overlap of NSSI with critical schooling years underscores the necessity for educational institutions to train staff on identifying and responding to signs of self-harm.

The IMH researchers advocate for comprehensive preventive programs aimed at enhancing resilience among young people and teaching healthier emotional regulation strategies. Current mental health education initiatives within Singapore's Character and Citizenship Education curriculum aim to equip students with the skills to manage stress and seek help when necessary.

Moreover, IMH researchers highlighted the need for broader societal awareness regarding NSSI, which is often shrouded in shame and stigma. Dr. Verma noted that many parents and caregivers may be unaware of the issue, as adolescents frequently conceal their self-harming behaviors out of fear of judgment. Understanding the signs of NSSI, such as unexplained injuries or sudden mood changes, is crucial for parents and caregivers in providing appropriate support.

"Creating a safe space for open communication is vital for teens experiencing self-harm. Listening without judgment and helping them acquire new skills to manage stress can significantly impact their recovery," Dr. Verma concluded. As Singapore continues to grapple with youth mental health challenges, addressing the complexities of NSSI and fostering supportive environments will be essential for the well-being of the younger generation.